A plain-language guide

Behçet disease

What is known, what is still uncertain, and what is actively debated, written plainly, and built only from published medical research.

Early map · 9 sourced statements Every statement names its source Updated 2026-06-12
Please read this first. This guide is a companion to your medical team, not a replacement, and it is not medical advice. Everything here is tied to published research. If something you expected is not here, it almost always means we have not mapped a source for it yet, not that it is unknown to medicine. Behçet disease is an early, growing map, so it will look incomplete on purpose: we would rather show less and have every line be something you can check than fill the page with claims we cannot stand behind. For anything about your own situation, your clinicians hold the full picture. How this guide is built and why.

What it is

Behçet disease is a rare, long-term inflammatory condition of the blood vessels (a vasculitis) that typically causes recurring mouth and genital ulcers, eye inflammation, and skin lesions, and can affect many parts of the body.

Signs and symptoms

Positive pathergy test

A positive 'pathergy' reaction, where the skin overreacts with a small bump or pustule after a needle prick, is a characteristic finding.

Limited evidenceSource: ORPHA:117
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:39694650
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:39694650 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Panuveitis

Inflammation inside the eye (uveitis) is a major feature and, untreated, can threaten sight.

Limited evidenceSource: ORPHA:117
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:42023413
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:42023413 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Erythema nodosum

Tender red nodules on the skin (erythema nodosum) are one of the recognised skin features of Behçet disease.

Limited evidenceSource: ORPHA:117
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:39694650
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:39694650 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Genital ulcers

Painful genital ulcers are a characteristic feature, often occurring alongside the mouth ulcers.

Limited evidenceSource: ORPHA:117
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:41993159
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:41993159 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Repeated crops of aphthous mouth ulcers are typical and can be difficult to treat when they keep returning.

Limited evidenceSource: ORPHA:117
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:40985567
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:40985567 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Oral ulcer

Recurrent, painful mouth ulcers are the most common and usually the first feature of Behçet disease.

Limited evidenceSource: ORPHA:117
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:41993159
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:41993159 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Treatment and management

What the research describes, not a recommendation. Treatment decisions belong with your clinician.

This covers treatments that appear in the published research mapped here. Investigational and experimental therapies are not included, so their absence is a boundary of this map, not a sign they do not exist.

Apremilast

Apremilast is a medicine used to treat the recurrent oral ulcers of Behçet disease.

Used to help with: Behçet disease.

Limited evidenceSource: PMID:40866267
The source text this rests on
“These ulcers resolved along with the systemic symptoms following treatment with colchicine, apremilast, and prednisolone.”
An excerpt quoted verbatim from the source named above, shown as recorded. The full sentence is in the linked source.
Evidence ratingweak
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Notesconfirmed from PMID:40866267 via curation 2026-06-12
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Turn this into questions for your doctor

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How to read the evidence labels

Widely acceptedSpecialists broadly agree on this.
Strong evidenceBacked by solid, repeated research.
Moderate evidenceReasonable evidence, still being confirmed.
Limited evidenceSome evidence, but not yet convincing.
Early evidenceAn early finding that needs more study.
Experts disagreeResearchers actively disagree about this.

Where this comes from

This guide is built from 2 published source(s). Every claim above links back to one of them. Click any source ID to read the original on PubMed.

ORPHA:117 · Orphanet/HPO annotations for Behçet disease
PMID:40866267 · Nasal Mucosal Manifestation of Behçet's Disease.