A plain-language guide

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A

What is known, what is still uncertain, and what is actively debated, written plainly, and built only from published medical research.

Early map · 6 sourced statements Every statement names its source Updated 2026-06-12
Please read this first. This guide is a companion to your medical team, not a replacement, and it is not medical advice. Everything here is tied to published research. If something you expected is not here, it almost always means we have not mapped a source for it yet, not that it is unknown to medicine. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A is an early, growing map, so it will look incomplete on purpose: we would rather show less and have every line be something you can check than fill the page with claims we cannot stand behind. For anything about your own situation, your clinicians hold the full picture. How this guide is built and why.

What it is

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is the most common inherited disorder of the peripheral nerves. Type 1A, the most common form, is caused by an extra copy of the PMP22 gene and damages the insulating layer around nerves.

Signs and symptoms

Pes cavus

A high-arched foot (pes cavus) is a common feature and can become rigid enough to need surgery.

Limited evidenceSource: OMIM:118220
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:41981429
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:41981429 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Hammertoe

Hammer toes, where the toes curl downward, often occur alongside the high-arched foot.

Limited evidenceSource: OMIM:118220
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:41300731
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:41300731 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Peripheral neuropathy

The condition is a peripheral neuropathy: it affects the nerves serving the limbs, leading to weakness and reduced sensation in the feet and hands.

Limited evidenceSource: OMIM:118220
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:40635134
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:40635134 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Steppage gait

Weak ankle muscles cause a high-steppage gait, lifting the foot unusually high to avoid dragging the toes.

Limited evidenceSource: OMIM:118220
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:42083783
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:42083783 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Hyporeflexia

Reflexes are reduced or absent, which a clinician can detect on examination.

Limited evidenceSource: OMIM:118220
Evidence ratingweak
Study designontology_import
Confidence (0-1)0.7
Replicationunreplicated
Supporting sourcesPMID:41551139
Notesplain_language confirmed from PMID:41551139 via curation 2026-06-12.
Last reviewed2026-06-12

Treatment and management

No disease-modifying treatment is established for this condition in the research mapped here. This is a stated, reviewed fact, not a missing piece of this guide.

That does not mean nothing can be done. Supportive and symptomatic care, managing specific symptoms and complications as they arise, can still matter a great deal. What is right for any individual is a conversation for their own care team.

Turn this into questions for your doctor

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How to read the evidence labels

Widely acceptedSpecialists broadly agree on this.
Strong evidenceBacked by solid, repeated research.
Moderate evidenceReasonable evidence, still being confirmed.
Limited evidenceSome evidence, but not yet convincing.
Early evidenceAn early finding that needs more study.
Experts disagreeResearchers actively disagree about this.

Where this comes from

This guide is built from 1 published source(s). Every claim above links back to one of them. Click any source ID to read the original on PubMed.

OMIM:118220 · Orphanet/HPO annotations for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, demyelinating, type 1A